Published with the inputs from Dr Sunil George, Nephrology Senior Consultant, Baby Memorial Hospitals-Kozhikode
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) -also known as acute renal failure - occurs when the kidneys suddenly lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. It can develop within hours or days and is often caused by dehydration, infection, certain medications, or reduced blood flow to the kidneys. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and support kidney recovery.
Acute Kidney Injury is a sudden decline in kidney function that can range from mild to life-threatening. It causes waste products to build up in the blood and affects fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. In most cases, AKI is reversible with timely medical care.
AKI can result from a variety of conditions, including severe dehydration, infections, urinary blockages, low blood pressure, or side effects of certain medications. It can also occur after major surgery or illness that affects blood flow to the kidneys. Identifying the cause early helps guide effective treatment.
Doctors diagnose AKI through blood tests (measuring creatinine and urea levels), urine tests, and sometimes imaging studies such as an ultrasound to check for blockages or structural problems. Monitoring urine output is also key to assessing kidney function.
Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause and supporting kidney function while they heal. This may include:
Most patients recover normal or near-normal kidney function with early treatment.
In many cases, AKI is reversible, especially when identified early. Once the underlying cause is corrected and supportive care is provided, kidney function often returns to normal within days or weeks. However, some patients may develop long-term kidney problems if the damage is severe or treatment is delayed.
Recovery depends on the severity of the injury and overall health. Patients may need follow-up blood tests and urine monitoring for several weeks. Staying hydrated, following a kidney-friendly diet, and avoiding unnecessary medications help protect kidney health and prevent recurrence.
If you notice reduced urine output, swelling, persistent nausea, or fatigue — especially after illness or medication use — seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis greatly improves recovery and prevents permanent kidney damage.
If you or a loved one has symptoms of Acute Kidney Injury, our nephrology specialists at Baby Memorial Hospitals provide comprehensive diagnosis and treatment to support kidney recovery.
📞 Call us or book an Appointment Online to consult with our kidney care experts.