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Overview

Published with the inputs from  Dr Dhanya K S,  Consultant, Radiation Oncology,  Baby Memorial Hospitals- Kozhikode

Brachytherapy is a type of radiation therapy used to treat different types of cancer. In this treatment, small radioactive sources are placed directly inside or near the tumor. This allows doctors to deliver a high dose of radiation to the cancer while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Brachytherapy can be used alone or in combination with beam external radiation. 

What is brachytherapy, and how does it work?

Brachytherapy works by placing radioactive material directly at the site of the tumor. The radiation damages the DNA of cancer cells, stopping them from growing and dividing. Because the radiation is focused, it limits exposure to nearby healthy organs and tissues.

Which cancers can be treated with brachytherapy?

Brachytherapy is commonly used to treat prostate cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer, and head and neck cancers. It may also be used for some skin and soft tissue cancers. The type and duration of treatment depend on the cancer’s location and stage.

What are the types of brachytherapy?

There are three main types:

  • Low-dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy: Dose rate of radiation is less than 2Gy/hour (The treatment duration is long)
  • High-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy: High dose rate is used. We can deliver the treatment as OP base.
What happens during a brachytherapy procedure?

The procedure is performed in a hospital or clinic. Under anesthesia or sedation, the doctor inserts applicators or catheters into or near the tumor site. Radioactive material is then delivered for a specific time, depending on whether HDR or LDR is used. Patients usually do not feel pain during their treatment.

What are the benefits of brachytherapy?

Benefits include highly targeted treatment, fewer side effects compared to external radiation, shorter treatment times, and the ability to preserve healthy tissues. It is especially effective for cancers that are localized and confined to one area.

What are the risks or side effects of brachytherapy?

Side effects depend on the treatment area. They may include temporary swelling, bleeding, discomfort at the implant site, urinary or bowel changes, or fatigue. Most side effects are manageable and improve after treatment.

What is recovery like after brachytherapy?

Most patients return home the same day or within a few days. Recovery is generally quick, and normal activities can often be resumed soon after treatment. Patients with permanent implants may need to follow temporary safety precautions to limit radiation exposure to others.

Is brachytherapy effective?

Yes. Brachytherapy is highly effective in controlling localized cancers, with outcomes similar to or better than external radiation for certain cancers like prostate or cervical cancer. Regular follow-up is necessary to monitor progress and manage long-term health.

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