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Overview

Published with the inputs from Dr Suhas K T, Neurosurgeon, Baby Memorial Hospitals-Kannur

Brain tumour surgery is a procedure to remove abnormal growths from the brain. It may be performed to treat both cancerous (malignant) and non-cancerous (benign) tumours. Surgery is often the first line of treatment to relieve symptoms, confirm a diagnosis, or remove as much of the tumour as safely possible. Depending on the case, brain surgery may be combined with radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted treatments.

What is brain tumour surgery and why is it performed?

Brain tumour surgery involves opening the skull (craniotomy) or using minimally invasive techniques to remove a tumour. It is done to relieve pressure on the brain, reduce symptoms like headaches or seizures, and improve survival or quality of life. In some cases, surgery is performed to obtain a biopsy for diagnosis.

What types of brain tumour surgery are available?

Several approaches are used depending on tumour size, type, and location:

  • Craniotomy: Opening part of the skull to access and remove the tumour
  • Endoscopic surgery: Using a thin tube with a camera for tumours near the brain’s ventricles or pituitary gland
  • Awake brain surgery: Patient remains awake for certain parts of the procedure to preserve speech and motor functions
  • Laser or radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife): Focused radiation used for small or hard-to-reach tumours
How safe is brain tumour surgery?

Modern neurosurgical techniques, including advanced imaging, navigation systems, and intraoperative monitoring, have significantly improved the safety of brain surgery. While risks exist, including infection, bleeding, or neurological changes, surgery is often essential to manage symptoms and extend life.

What is the recovery process after brain tumour surgery?

Recovery depends on the type of surgery, tumour location, and overall health. Patients usually stay in the hospital for 3–10 days. Rehabilitation may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech therapy. Many patients return to normal activities within weeks to months, although follow-up treatments may be needed.

What are the risks or possible complications?

Possible risks include swelling of the brain, infection, seizures, or temporary changes in speech, vision, or movement. Long-term effects vary, but many complications improve with rehabilitation and ongoing care.

What are the chances of success with brain tumour surgery?

The outcome depends on the tumour’s size, type, and location. In many cases, surgery relieves symptoms and prolongs life. Benign tumours can often be removed completely, while malignant tumours may require additional treatments. Early diagnosis and treatment improve success rates.

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If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with a brain tumour, our Neurosurgery Team at Baby Memorial Hospitals offers advanced surgical techniques and comprehensive care for safe and effective treatment.

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