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Overview

Published with the inputs from Dr Muhammed Rifayi V,  Medical Oncologist, Baby Memorial Hospitals- Kozhikode

Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses powerful medicines to destroy cancer cells or stop them from growing and spreading. It can be used alone or in combination with surgery, radiation therapy, or targeted treatments. Chemotherapy may be given through an intravenous (IV) line, by mouth (oral tablets), or in other forms, depending on the type of cancer.

What is chemotherapy, and how does it work?

Chemotherapy works by targeting rapidly dividing cells — a key feature of cancer cells. The drugs circulate through the bloodstream, reaching cancer cells throughout the body. Because healthy cells that also divide quickly (like hair, skin, and blood cells) may be affected, side effects can occur.

When is chemotherapy recommended?

Chemotherapy may be used to:

  • Shrink tumors before surgery or radiation (neoadjuvant therapy)
  • Kill remaining cancer cells after surgery (adjuvant therapy)
  • Treat cancers that have spread (metastatic cancer)
  • Relieve symptoms and improve quality of life in advanced stages (palliative chemotherapy)
  • Definitive chemotherapy- As single modality
How is chemotherapy given?

Chemotherapy can be administered in several ways:

  • Intravenous (IV): Directly into a vein
  • Oral: Pills or capsules
  • Injection: Under the skin or into a muscle
  • Topical: Creams for certain skin cancers
  • Intrathecal or intraperitoneal: Directly into the spinal fluid or abdominal cavity for specific cancers
  • Intravitreal
What are the common side effects of chemotherapy?

Side effects depend on the type of drug and the patient’s health. Common effects include fatigue, nausea, hair loss, mouth sores, appetite loss, and lowered immunity. Most side effects are temporary and can be managed with medications and supportive care.

How long does chemotherapy treatment last?

Chemotherapy is usually given in cycles — a period of treatment followed by rest to allow the body to recover. The length of treatment may range from a few months to longer, depending on the type and stage of cancer.

Is chemotherapy painful?

The treatment itself is usually not painful. Some patients may feel mild discomfort when the IV is inserted. Side effects such as fatigue or nausea occur after treatment but can often be managed with supportive care.

What precautions should patients take during chemotherapy?

Patients are advised to eat a healthy diet, avoid infections, stay well hydrated, and follow their doctor’s instructions about activity and medication. Regular blood tests and follow-up visits help monitor progress and manage side effects.

What are the benefits of chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy can shrink or eliminate tumors, prevent cancer from spreading, relieve symptoms, and in some cases, achieve remission or a cure. It is a powerful tool in comprehensive cancer treatment.

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If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with cancer, our Oncology Team at Baby Memorial Hospitals provides advanced chemotherapy treatment with personalized care and supportive therapies to reduce side effects.

📞 Call us or book an Appointment Online to discuss your treatment options.

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