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Overview

Published with the inputs from Dr Nimmy Merin Mathew, Consultant, Ophthalmology, Baby Memorial Hospitals- Thodupuzha

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure). If untreated, glaucoma can lead to gradual vision loss and blindness. While it cannot usually be cured, early detection and proper management can slow or stop its progression and preserve vision.

What is glaucoma, and how does it affect vision?

Glaucoma damages the optic nerve, which carries visual information from the eye to the brain. Vision loss often starts with the peripheral (side) vision and may progress silently without noticeable symptoms until the disease is advanced.

Can glaucoma be cured?

Glaucoma cannot usually be cured, but it can be controlled. Treatments lower eye pressure and help prevent further damage, allowing most patients to maintain useful vision throughout life.

How is glaucoma diagnosed?

Glaucoma is detected through comprehensive eye exams, including:

  • Measurement of intraocular pressure
  • Examination of the optic nerve
  • Visual field testing
  • Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scans

Since glaucoma often has no early symptoms, regular eye check-ups are essential, especially for those over 40 or with a family history.

How is glaucoma managed?

Management depends on the type and severity of glaucoma and may include:

  • Medicated eye drops: First-line treatment to lower eye pressure
  • Oral medications: In some cases, to further control pressure
  • Laser therapy: Procedures such as trabeculoplasty or iridotomy to improve fluid drainage
  • Surgery: Options like trabeculectomy or glaucoma drainage implants for advanced cases
What lifestyle changes help with glaucoma management?
  • Take prescribed eye drops consistently
  • Attend regular follow-up appointments
  • Exercise moderately (as advised by your doctor)
    • Maintain a healthy diet rich in antioxidants
    • Avoid smoking and excessive caffeine
  • Protect eyes from injury and strain
Will glaucoma make me blind?

If left untreated, glaucoma can cause permanent blindness. However, with early detection and proper management, most patients retain good vision for life.

What is the long-term outlook for glaucoma patients?

With regular monitoring and treatment, glaucoma progression can usually be slowed significantly. Lifelong management is essential, as vision loss from glaucoma cannot be reversed.

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