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Overview

Published with the inputs from Dr Jayameena P, Senior Consultant, Nephrology, Baby Memorial Hospitals - Kozhikode

Hemodialysis is a treatment that filters wastes, salts, and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to do so effectively. It is the most common form of dialysis and is often used in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or kidney failure. Hemodialysis helps improve the quality of life and manage symptoms while patients await a kidney transplant or as long-term therapy.

What is hemodialysis?

Hemodialysis is a process where blood is passed through a machine called a dialyzer (artificial kidney) to remove toxins and extra fluid. The cleaned blood is then returned to the body.

How does hemodialysis work?
  • A special access point (fistula, graft, or catheter) is created for blood flow.
  • Blood is drawn from the body into the dialyzer.
  • Inside the dialyzer, a filter removes waste and extra fluids.
  • The cleaned blood is returned to the body.

Each session usually lasts 3–5 hours and is performed several times a week.

Who needs hemodialysis?

Hemodialysis is recommended for patients with:

  • End-stage kidney disease (kidney function less than 10–15%)
  • Severe fluid overload or electrolyte imbalance like Hyper leukemia
  • Acute kidney injury in certain situations
How often is hemodialysis needed?

Most patients require hemodialysis 3 times per week, with each session lasting 3–5 hours. The schedule may vary depending on kidney function, overall health, and medical advice.

Is hemodialysis painful?

The treatment itself is not painful, but patients may feel a brief sting when needles are inserted into the access site. During or after dialysis, some patients may experience fatigue, low blood pressure, cramps, or headaches, but these can often be managed.

What are the risks of hemodialysis?

While generally safe, potential risks include:

  • Low blood pressure (hypotension)
  • Muscle cramps
  • Infection at the access site | Bloodstream infections
  • Anemia or bone disease (from long-term CKD)

These risks are monitored closely by dialysis care teams.

Does hemodialysis cure kidney disease?

No. Hemodialysis does not cure kidney disease — it only replaces some of the lost kidney function. Kidney transplant is the only permanent treatment, but dialysis can sustain life and well-being until then.

What lifestyle changes are needed during dialysis?
  • Following a kidney-friendly diet (low salt, potassium, phosphorus)
  • Monitoring fluid intake
  • Taking prescribed medications (for blood pressure, anemia, etc.)
  • Regular exercise and good hygiene to prevent infections
  • Attending all dialysis sessions consistently
What is the life expectancy on dialysis?

Many patients live for years on dialysis with a good quality of life. Life expectancy depends on age, other medical conditions, and treatment adherence. Patients who also follow medical advice and consider a kidney transplant often do better long-term.

Call to Action

If you or a loved one has chronic kidney disease or kidney failure, the Nephrology & Dialysis Department at Baby Memorial Hospital (BMH) offers advanced hemodialysis care with state-of-the-art technology and personalized treatment plans.

👉 Book an Appointment Online or visit BMH to learn more about comprehensive dialysis and kidney care.

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