Published with the inputs from Dr Sylesh Aikot, Surgical Gastroenterologist, Baby Memorial Hospitals- Kozhikode
A hernia occurs when an internal organ or tissue bulges through a weak spot in the abdominal wall. Common types include inguinal (groin), umbilical (navel), incisional (post-surgery), and hiatal hernias. Hernias do not heal on their own and usually require surgical repair. Abdominal wall surgeries, including hernia repair, are performed to strengthen the weakened area and prevent complications such as pain, obstruction, or strangulation.
A hernia happens when part of the intestine, fat, or other tissue pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles. Causes include heavy lifting, chronic cough, obesity, pregnancy, aging, or previous abdominal surgery.
Most hernias eventually require surgery, as they can enlarge or cause complications over time. Emergency surgery is needed if the hernia becomes painful, hard, or cannot be pushed back in — a condition called strangulation, which can cut off blood supply.
Yes. Hernia surgery is one of the most common and safe surgical procedures. Risks include infection, bleeding, recurrence, or chronic pain, but these are uncommon when performed by experienced surgeons.
Recovery depends on the type of surgery:
Hernia recurrence is possible but rare with modern mesh-based techniques and when patients follow post-surgery precautions, such as avoiding heavy lifting and maintaining a healthy weight.
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