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Home > Kidney Biopsy

Overview

Published with the inputs from Dr Sunil George, Nephrologist, Baby Memorial Hospitals-Kozhikode

A kidney biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of kidney tissue is taken and examined under a microscope. It helps doctors diagnose kidney problems, monitor disease progression, and guide treatment. The test is usually recommended when blood or urine tests show abnormal results, or when kidney function is worsening without a clear cause.

What is a kidney biopsy?

A kidney biopsy (renal biopsy) involves removing a small piece of kidney tissue using a special needle. The tissue is then analyzed to check for signs of inflammation, scarring, infection, or other diseases.

Why is a kidney biopsy done?

A doctor may recommend a kidney biopsy to:

  • Diagnose the cause of blood or protein in urine
  • Find out why kidney function is declining
  • Identify the type and severity of kidney disease (such as glomerulonephritis or lupus nephritis)
  • Monitor kidney transplant function and detect rejection
  • Guide treatment decisions for kidney disorders
How is a kidney biopsy performed?
  • The procedure is usually done under local anesthesia.
  • You lie on your stomach (or back if you have a transplant).
  • Using ultrasound or CT guidance, the doctor inserts a thin needle into the kidney to collect a tissue sample.
  • The procedure usually takes about 30–60 minutes.
Is a kidney biopsy painful?

The procedure is not painful because local anesthesia is used. Some patients may feel slight pressure during the biopsy. Mild soreness in the back or biopsy site may occur afterward, which usually improves within a few days.

What are the risks of a kidney biopsy?

Kidney biopsy is generally safe, but potential risks include:

  • Bleeding in the urine (common but temporary)
  • Pain or bruising at the biopsy site
  • Rarely, severe bleeding requiring further treatment or transfusion
  • Very rarely, infection
What precautions should I take after a kidney biopsy?
  • Rest in bed for several hours after the procedure
  • Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activity for about a week
  • Drink plenty of fluids unless otherwise advised
  • Contact your doctor if you notice persistent blood in urine, fever, or severe pain
How long does recovery take after a kidney biopsy?

Most patients go home the same day or the next morning. Full recovery is usually within 2–3 days, though activity restrictions are advised for a week.

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If you need a kidney biopsy or evaluation for kidney disease, the Nephrology Department at Baby Memorial Hospital (BMH) offers safe, advanced diagnostic procedures with expert care to guide accurate treatment.

👉 Book an Appointment Online or visit BMH for comprehensive kidney care.

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