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Home > Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) and Electromyography (EMG)

Overview

Published with the inputs from Dr Mohan Leslie Noone, Senior Consultant, Neurologist, Baby Memorial Hospitals - Kozhikode

Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) and Electromyography (EMG) are specialized diagnostic tests that help evaluate the health of nerves and muscles. These tests are often performed together to detect nerve damage, muscle disorders, or conditions affecting the communication between nerves and muscles.

What is a nerve conduction study (NCS)?

NCS measures how quickly and effectively electrical signals travel through a nerve. Small electrical impulses are applied to the skin, and the response of the nerve is recorded. This helps detect nerve damage or compression.

What is electromyography (EMG)?

EMG evaluates the electrical activity of muscles. A very thin needle electrode is inserted into the muscle to measure how it responds at rest and during movement. It helps identify muscle disorders or nerve-muscle communication problems.

Why are NCS and EMG tests done?

They are used to diagnose conditions such as:

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage from diabetes, infections, or toxins)
  • Sciatica or radiculopathy
  • Muscle disorders like myopathy or muscular dystrophy
  • Motor neuron diseases (e.g., ALS)
  • Nerve injuries after trauma
Are NCS and EMG painful?
  • NCS: Feels like mild electric shocks, which may cause brief discomfort.
  • EMG: The thin needle may cause mild soreness, but it is well tolerated.

Both procedures are generally safe and cause only temporary discomfort.

How long do these tests take?

The duration depends on the number of nerves and muscles being tested, usually 30–90 minutes.

What do NCS and EMG results show?
  • NCS: Shows how well nerves carry signals — helping detect slowed or blocked nerve conduction.
  • EMG: Shows how muscles respond to nerve signals — helping detect muscle weakness, nerve injury, or abnormal electrical activity.
Are there any risks with NCS or EMG?

Both are very safe. EMG may cause mild temporary muscle soreness or bruising at the needle site, but serious complications are extremely rare.

Connect with Our Experts Today

If you are experiencing numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, or nerve-related symptoms, the Neurology & Neurodiagnostics Department at Baby Memorial Hospital (BMH) offers advanced Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) and Electromyography (EMG) for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning.

👉 Book an Appointment Online or visit BMH to consult our neurology specialists.

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