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Overview

Published with the inputs from Dr Shelvin Kumar Vadi, Consultant, Nuclear Medicine, Baby Memorial Hospitals- Kozhikode

Radioiodine (RAI) therapy uses a radioactive form of iodine (I-131) to treat certain thyroid conditions. Since the thyroid gland naturally absorbs iodine, the radioactive iodine selectively destroys overactive thyroid cells or thyroid cancer cells, while sparing most other tissues. It is a safe, effective, and well-established treatment for hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer.

What is radioiodine therapy?

Radioiodine therapy is a treatment that uses radioactive iodine (I-131) taken orally, usually as a capsule or liquid. It targets the thyroid gland, shrinking or destroying overactive thyroid tissue or remaining cancer cells after thyroid surgery.

Which conditions are treated with radioiodine therapy?
  • Hyperthyroidism: Overactive thyroid (Graves’ disease, toxic nodules)
  • Thyroid cancer: To destroy remaining thyroid tissue after surgery or to treat recurrences
  • Goiter (selected cases): To reduce thyroid gland size
Is radioiodine therapy safe?

Yes. RAI therapy has been used for decades with excellent safety. The radioactive iodine targets only thyroid tissue, minimizing effects on other organs. Side effects are usually mild but may include neck tenderness, dry mouth, or temporary taste changes.

What precautions should be taken after radioiodine therapy?

Since patients give off small amounts of radiation for a short time:

  • Maintain distance from children and pregnant women for a few days
  • Use separate utensils and wash them thoroughly
  • Sleep separately for 3–5 days if possible
  • Follow doctor’s instructions carefully for hygiene and safety
Does radioiodine therapy cure hyperthyroidism?

Yes. RAI permanently treats hyperthyroidism in most cases. Many patients develop hypothyroidism afterward, which is easily managed with lifelong thyroid hormone replacement tablets.

How effective is radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer?

It is highly effective in destroying remaining thyroid tissue or small cancer deposits after thyroidectomy, reducing the risk of recurrence. Patients need long-term follow-up with hormone tests and scans.

What is recovery like after radioiodine therapy?
  • Outpatient procedure; patients usually go home the same day
  • Minimal discomfort; fatigue may occur temporarily
  • Return to normal activities in 3–5 days (with precautions)
Connect with Our Experts Today

If you have been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer and require advanced treatment, the Endocrinology & Nuclear Medicine Team at Baby Memorial Hospital (BMH) offers safe, effective radioiodine therapy with expert care and comprehensive follow-up.

👉 Book an Appointment Online or visit BMH to consult our thyroid and nuclear medicine specialists.


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