Diabetic Retinopathy

Published with the inputs from Dr Nimmy Merin Mathew, Consultant, Ophthalmology, Baby Memorial Hospitals- Thodupuzha

Diabetic retinopathy is an eye condition caused by long-term diabetes. High blood sugar damages the small blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive part of the eye), leading to vision problems and, if untreated, blindness. Early detection through regular eye exams and good diabetes control is the best way to prevent severe vision loss.

What is diabetic retinopathy?

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina. Over time, the vessels can leak fluid, swell, or grow abnormally, leading to blurred vision, floaters, or permanent vision loss.

What are the symptoms of diabetic retinopathy?

In the early stages, there may be no symptoms. As the condition progresses, patients may notice:

• Blurred or fluctuating vision
• Dark spots or floaters
• Difficulty seeing at night
• Sudden vision loss in severe cases

How is diabetic retinopathy diagnosed?

Diagnosis is made during a dilated eye exam, where the doctor examines the retina. Additional tests like optical coherence tomography (OCT) or fluorescein angiography may be used to check for fluid leakage or abnormal blood vessels.

Can diabetic retinopathy cause blindness?

Yes. If untreated, advanced diabetic retinopathy can lead to serious complications such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, and complete vision loss. Early detection and treatment are crucial to preserving sight.

How is diabetic retinopathy treated?

Treatment depends on the stage of the disease and may include:

• Laser therapy (photocoagulation): Seals leaking blood vessels
• Anti-VEGF injections: Reduce abnormal blood vessel growth and swelling
• Vitrectomy surgery: Removes blood and scar tissue from the eye in severe cases
• Strict diabetes management: Controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol slows progression

How can diabetic retinopathy be prevented?

Prevention includes:

• Keeping blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol under control
• Having a comprehensive eye exam at least once a year
• Quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy lifestyle
• Seeking prompt treatment if any vision changes occur

What is the outlook for patients with diabetic retinopathy?

With early detection and proper management, vision loss can often be prevented or slowed. Patients who control their diabetes and follow up regularly with their eye doctor have the best outcomes.

Call to Action

If you have diabetes, protecting your vision is essential. Our Ophthalmology & Retina Specialists provide advanced screening and treatment for diabetic retinopathy to preserve sight and quality of life.

📞 Call us or book an Appointment Online for your annual diabetic eye exam.