Thyroidectomy is done for thyroid cancer, large goitres, overactive thyroid, or suspicious nodules. It helps relieve symptoms and prevent disease progression.

Recovery is quick. Calcium levels usually normalise within hours. Some may need short-term calcium supplements.

Adrenalectomy is often done laparoscopically. It offers less pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery. Temporary hormone therapy may be needed.

Yes, though rare. Possible risks include nerve injury, bleeding, infection, or hormone imbalance. Outcomes are best in experienced centres.

Most return to normal within a week for thyroid or parathyroid surgery. Adrenal or pancreatic surgery may need 2–4 weeks.